精密機(ji)械加工的技術難(nan)度(du)大(da)，影響(xiang)因(yin)素多(duo)，涉及面廣，投資強度(du)大(da)，產品個性強，其主要(yao)內(nei)容(rong)有以(yi)下五個方面：?

(1)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)理(li)??除(chu)傳統加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)精(jing)(jing)密(mi)化外，非傳統加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(特(te)種加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong))方(fang)法(fa)發展(zhan)迅速(su)。當前(qian)，傳統加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)主要有(you)金剛石刀具精(jing)(jing)密(mi)切剛、盤(pan)剛石微(wei)粉(fen)砂輪(lun)精(jing)(jing)密(mi)磨(mo)削、精(jing)(jing)密(mi)高(gao)速(su)切削和(he)精(jing)(jing)密(mi)砂帶磨(mo)削等(deng)；非傳統加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)主要有(you)電子束(shu)、離子束(shu)、激光(guang)束(shu)等(deng)高(gao)能束(shu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、電火花、電化學(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、光(guang)刻(ke)(刻(ke)蝕)等(deng)。并出現(xian)了具有(you)復合(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)理(li)的(de)電解研(yan)磨(mo)、磁性研(yan)磨(mo)、磁流體(ti)拋光(guang)、超聲珩磨(mo)等(deng)復合(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)理(li)的(de)研(yan)究是精(jing)(jing)密(mi)和(he)超精(jing)(jing)密(mi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)理(li)論基(ji)礎(chu)和(he)新技術的(de)生長點。

?(2)被(bei)加(jia)工材(cai)料(liao)??精(jing)密機械加(jia)工的(de)被(bei)加(jia)工材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)化學(xue)成分、物理力學(xue)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)、化學(xue)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)、加(jia)工性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)上均有嚴(yan)格要(yao)求，應該(gai)質地均勻、性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)穩定、外部內部均無宏觀和微觀缺陷。符合(he)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)要(yao)求的(de)被(bei)加(jia)工材(cai)料(liao)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)得(de)到(dao)精(jing)密機械加(jia)工的(de)預期效果。

?(3)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)設備(bei)(bei)和(he)工(gong)藝裝備(bei)(bei)?精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)應(ying)(ying)有(you)高精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)、高剛度(du)、高穩定性和(he)自動化的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)，相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)金(jin)剛石刀具(ju)(ju)、立(li)方(fang)氮化硼刀具(ju)(ju)、金(jin)剛石砂輪、立(li)方(fang)氮化硼砂輪．?及相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)高精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)、高剛度(du)夾具(ju)(ju)等工(gong)藝裝備(bei)(bei)，才能保證(zheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)質量(liang)。?精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)應(ying)(ying)首(shou)先考慮要(yao)(yao)有(you)相應(ying)(ying)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)，不(bu)少精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)往往是從(cong)設計制作(zuo)其超(chao)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)開始(shi)的(de)(de)。并要(yao)(yao)配置所需刀具(ju)(ju)。目前，通(tong)用(yong)的(de)(de)系列的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)較(jiao)少．批量(liang)也(ye)不(bu)會(hui)大(da)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械國工(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)造價很高，需專(zhuan)門訂貨，如果(guo)在已有(you)的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)上加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)尚不(bu)能滿(man)足(zu)要(yao)(yao)求時。可通(tong)過工(gong)藝措施或誤差補(bu)償等來提高加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)。

（4）檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)?精密(mi)(mi)機械(xie)加工(gong)必須具備相應(ying)的檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)技(ji)術(shu)，形成(cheng)加工(gong)和(he)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)一體(ti)化。對于精密(mi)(mi)機械(xie)加工(gong)的檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)有三(san)種方式：離(li)線檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)、在位(wei)(wei)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)和(he)在線檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。離(li)線檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)是指在加工(gong)完(wan)成(cheng)后，將工(gong)件(jian)送到檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)室去檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)；在位(wei)(wei)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)是指工(gong)件(jian)在機床上(shang)加工(gong)完(wan)成(cheng)后不(bu)卸(xie)下(xia)，就地進(jin)(jin)行檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，若發現有什么問題．便于再進(jin)(jin)行加工(gong)；在線檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)則是在加工(gong)過程中進(jin)(jin)行檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，以便能夠主動控(kong)制和(he)實施動態誤差樸償(chang)。